Asthma Nursing Assessment

Nursing Assessment for Asthma

Asthma is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm.

Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

Asthma is clinically classified according to the frequency of symptoms, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow rate. Asthma may also be classified as atopic (extrinsic) or non-atopic (intrinsic).


Nursing Assessment for Asthma


Assessment of nursing in asthma patients, as follows:

Past medical history:

Assess personal or family history of previous lung disease.
Assess history of allergic reaction or sensitivity to the substances / environmental factors.
 Assess patient's employment history.

Activities:

The inability to perform activities because of difficulty breathing.
The decline in the ability / improvement needs help doing daily activities.
Sleep in a sitting position higher.

Respiratory:

Dipsnea at rest or in response to activity or exercise.
Breath worsened when the patient lay supine in bed.
Using the breathing aids drug, for example: raising the shoulders, widen the nose.
The existence of wheezing breath sounds.
The recurrent coughing.

Circulation:

There is an increasing blood pressure.
There is an increasing frequency of heart.
The color of skin or mucous membranes normal / gray / cyanosis.
Flushing or sweating.

Integrity ego:

Anxiety
Fear
Sensitive stimulation
Fidget


Nutrient intake:

Inability to eat due to respiratory distress.
Weight loss due to anorexia.


Social relations:

The limited physical mobility.
Hard talk
The existence of dependence on others.

Sexuality:

Decrease in libido

Source : http://nursing-assessment.blogspot.com/2011/06/nursing-assessment-for-asthma.html

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Nursing Intervention and Rational for Asthma

Nursing Intervention and Rational for Asthma

a. Auscultation of breath sounds, record the presence of breath sounds, such as: wheezing, ronkhi.

Rationale: Some degree of bronchial spasms occur with airway obstruction. Faint breath sounds with expiratory wheezing (empysema), there is no breathing function (severe asthma).

b. Review / monitor the frequency of recorded respiratory inspiration and expiration ratio.

Rational: Tachypnea is usually present in some degree and can be found at the reception during strest / presence of acute infectious process. Respiratory frequency can be slowed down and elongated than the expiration of inspiration.

c. Assess the patient to a safe position, such as: elevation head is not sitting on the backrest.

Rational: Elevation head is not easier for respiratory function by using gravity.

d. Observation of the characteristic cough, persistent, hacking cough, wet. Auxiliary measures to improve the effectiveness of cough effort.

Rational: cough may persist but are not effective, especially on elderly clients, acute pain / weakness.

e. Give warm water.

Rational: the use of warm fluids can decrease bronchial spasms.

f. Collaboration drugs as indicated.

Spiriva bronchodilator 1 × 1 (inhalation).

Rational: Freeing spasm of the airway, wheezing and mucus production.
 
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