Clinical Manifestations of Vertigo

Clinical manifestations in patients with vertigo is spinning feeling that is sometimes accompanied by symptoms of nausea, vomiting, severe headache taste, appetite down, tired, pale tongue with sticky white membrane, weak pulse, headache (dizziness), blurred vision, tinnitus, mouth bitter, red eyes, irritability, restlessness, red tongue with thin membrane.

Vertigo patients will complain if the position of head turns on its specific circumstances. Patients will feel rotating or spinning around him feel when going to bed, rolling from side to side, get out of bed in the morning, reaching something high or if the head is moved to the back. Vertigo usually lasts only 5-10 seconds. Sometimes accompanied by nausea and patients often feel anxious. Patients are usually able to recognize this situation and try to avoid it by not doing movements that can cause vertigo. Vertigo is not going to happen if the head upright or rotated axially without extension, in a majority of patients, vertigo will diminish and eventually cease spontaneously within a few days or a few months, but can sometimes be as much as several years.

In the anamnesis, the patient complained of head feels dizzy, spinning on changes in head position with a certain position. Clinically vertigo occurs in changes in head position and will be reduced and eventually stopped spontaneously after some time. On ENT examination is generally not found significant abnormalities, and the caloric test no canal paresis.

Position test can help diagnose vertigo, it is best to Hallpike maneuver: the patient sitting upright, his head is held on both sides by the examiner, then head dropped suddenly as he turned to one side. In this test we will get the position nystagmus symptoms:

1. Vertigo sufferers will feel the sensation of movement such as spinning, either himself or the environment.
2. Nausea incredible.
3. Frequent vomiting as a result of nausea.
4. Abnormal eye movements.
5. Suddenly a cold sweat.
6. Was ringing in the ears frequently.
7. Have difficulty talking.
8. Have difficulty walking due to feel the sensation of spinning motion.
9. In certain circumstances, the patient may also experience vision disorder.

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Types, Causes and Symptoms of Vertigo

Disease which is also called vestibulars disorders are health problems associated with our balance system, usually the symptoms is feeling spinning (like falling), ear buzzing and sometimes with nausea.

Basically vertigo is a complaint, not a disease. However, this complaint could be a sign of serious illness. So, although not a disease, vertigo should not be underestimated. Vertigo can be a sign of diseases like brain tumor, hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes mellitus (diabetes), heart, and kidneys. The earlier vertigo will be handled more quickly be overcome.

Types of vertigo

Vertigo is classified into two categories based on the damaged vestibular channels, namely peripheral vertigo and central vertigo. Vestibular canal is one of the organs of the inner ear that always sends information to the brain about the position of the body to maintain balance.

Peripheral vertigo occurs if there is interference on a channel called semicircular canal, the middle ear in charge of controlling the balance.

This type of vertigo is usually followed by symptoms such as:

• dark outlook
• fatigue and decreased stamina
• palpitations
• loss of balance
• unable to concentrate
• feeling like a hangover
• muscle pain
• nausea and vomiting
• memory and thinking power to decline
• sensitive to bright light and sound
• sweat

While central vertigo occurs if there is something not normal in the brain, especially in the balance nerve, the area of ​​the brain and cerebellum branching (small brain). Central vertigo symptoms usually occur gradually, the patient will experience things like:

• double vision
• hard to swallow
• paralysis of the facial muscles
• severe headache
• impaired consciousness
• not speechless
• loss of coordination
• nausea and vomiting
• body feels weak

Causes and Symptoms

Complaints usually come sudden vertigo, followed by clinical symptoms of discomfort such as sweating, nausea, and vomiting. Factors causing vertigo are: systemic, neurologic, ophtalmologik, otolaryngology, psychogenic.

Vertigo is often caused by a disturbance in the area centered balance labyrinth or the cochlea in the ear cavity. Possible causes of vertigo include:

• Infections such as influenza virus that attacks the maze area.
• Bacterial infection in the middle ear.
• Arthritis in the neck area.
• Migraine attack.
• Too little blood circulation, causing blood flow to decrease brain balance centers.
• Drunk vehicle.
• Alcohol and certain drugs.

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Nursing Diagnosis Interventions for Pain (acute / chronic) - Vertigo / Headache

Vertigo is a subtype of dizziness, where there is a feeling of motion when one is stationary. The symptoms are due to an asymmetric dysfunction of the vestibular system in the inner ear.It is often associated with nausea and vomiting as well as a balance disorder, causing difficulties standing or walking. There are three types of vertigo:
Objective− the patient has the sensation that objects in the environment are moving;
Subjective− patient feels as if he or she is moving; Pseudovertigo− intensive sensation of rotation inside the patient's head.







A headache or cephalalgia is pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck. It can be a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head and neck. The brain tissue itself is not sensitive to pain because it lacks pain receptors. Rather, the pain is caused by disturbance of the pain-sensitive structures around the brain. Nine areas of the head and neck have these pain-sensitive structures, which are the cranium (the periosteum of the skull), muscles, nerves, arteries and veins, subcutaneous tissues, eyes, ears, sinuses and mucous membranes.





Nursing Diagnosis for Vertigo / Headache: Pain (acute / chronic)

related to

• stress and tension,
• irritation / pressure nerves,
• vasospasm,
• increased intracranial

characterized by:

• states that pain is influenced by factors such as:
• position changes, changes in sleep patterns, anxiety.

Purpose: Pain is lost or reduced

Expected outcomes are:

• clients to express pain is reduced
• normal vital signs
• patient was calm and relaxed.

Nursing Interventions pain (acute / chronic) - Vertigo / Headache:

1. Monitor vital signs, the intensity / pain scale.
Rationale: Identify and facilitate the conduct of nursing actions.

2. Encourage clients to rest in bed.
Rational: the break to reduce the intensity of pain.

3. Adjust the position of the patient as comfortable as possible
Rational: the right position to reduce stress and prevent muscle tension and reduce pain.

4. Teach relaxation and deep breathing techniques
Rational: relaxation to reduce tension and create a feeling more comfortable.

5. Collaboration for providing analgesic.
Rational: useful analgesic to relieve pain so that patients become more comfortable.

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