NANDA Decreased Cardiac Output

NANDA Definition: Inadequate blood pumped by the heart to meet metabolic demands of the body
Decreased Cardiac output
Defining Characteristics: Altered heart rate/rhythm: arrhythmias (tachycardia, bradycardia); palpitations; EKG changes; altered preload: jugular vein distention; fatigue; edema; murmurs; increased/decreased central venous pressure (CVP); increased/decreased pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP); weight gain; altered afterload: cold/clammy skin; shortness of breath/dyspnea; oliguria; prolonged capillary refill; decreased peripheral pulses; variations in blood pressure readings; increased/decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR); increased/decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR); skin color changes; altered contractility: crackles; cough; orthopnea/paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; cardiac output less than 4 L/min; cardiac index less than 2.5 L/min; decreased ejection fraction, stroke volume index (SVI), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI); S3 or S4 sounds; behavioral/emotional:  anxiety ; restlessness
Related Factors: Myocardial infarction or ischemia, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, serious dysrhythmia, ventricular damage, altered preload or afterload, pericarditis, sepsis, congenital heart defects, vagal stimulation, stress, anaphylaxis, cardiac tamponade
Decreased Cardiac output
NOC Outcomes (Nursing Outcomes Classification)
Suggested NOC Labels
• Cardiac Pump Effectiveness
• Circulatory Status
• Tissue Perfusion: Abdominal Organs
• Tissue Perfusion: Peripheral
• Vital Signs Status
Client Outcomes

• Demonstrates adequate cardiac output as evidenced by blood pressure and pulse rate and rhythm within normal parameters for client; strong peripheral pulses; and an ability to tolerate activity without symptoms of dyspnea, syncope, or chest pain
• Remains free of side effects from the medications used to achieve adequate cardiac output
• Explains actions and precautions to take for cardiac disease

Source : http://nursing-interventions.com/decreased-cardiac-output

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Nursing Diagnosis for TB Tuberculosis - NANDA

Nursing diagnoses that commonly occurs in clients with pulmonary tuberculosis are as follows:
1. Ineffective airway clearance
relate to:

• thick secretions or blood secretions,
• weakness,
• bad cough effort,
• edema, tracheal / pharyngeal.

2. Impaired gas exchange

• related to:
• reduced effectiveness of the surface of the lung,
• atelectasis,
• alveolar capillary membrane damage,
• secretions are thick,
• bronchial edema.

3. Risk for Infection and spread of infection
related to:

• decreased immune system,
• decreased ciliary function,
• secretions are settled,
• tissue damage caused by the spread of infection,
• malnutrition,
• contaminated by the environment,
• lack of knowledge about infectious germs.

4. Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements
related to:

• fatigue,
• frequent coughing,
• production of sputum,
• dyspnea,
• anorexia,
• decline in financial capability.

5. Knowledge Deficit: about the condition, treatment, prevention
related to:

• nothing is explained,
• interpretation is wrong,
• the information is incomplete / inaccurate,
• limited knowledge / cognitive.

Source : http://nandadiagnosis.blogspot.com

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