Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Nausea and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) is a natural phenomenon and is often caught in the first trimester of pregnancy. Nausea usually occurs in the morning, but can arise at any time and at night. These symptoms occur approximately 6 weeks after the first day of the last menstrual period and lasts for approximately 10 weeks. Nausea and vomiting occur in 60-80% primi gravida and 40-60% multi gravida. One in every thousand pregnancies, these symptoms become more severe.
Nausea is largely attributable because of increased levels of estrogen and HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadrotropin) in serum. Physiological effect of the hormone increase is not clear, probably because the central nervous system or the gastric emptying of the stomach is reduced. In general, women can adapt to this situation, though symptoms of severe nausea and vomiting that can last up to 4 months. Daily work was interrupted, and the general condition became worse. This condition is called hyperemesis gravidarum. Complaints of symptoms and physiological changes determine the severity of the disease. (Prawirohardjo, 2002)
Hyperemesis gravidarum is defined as excessive vomiting or uncontrolled during pregnancy, which causes dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or nutritional deficiencies, and weight loss. The incidence of this condition is approximately 3.5 per 1000 births. Although most cases of missing and disappeared over time, one out of every 1,000 pregnant women will undergo hospitalization. Hyperemesis gravidarum usually disappear on their own (self-limiting), but healing is slow and frequent relapses are common. The condition often occurs among primigravida women and tends to recur in subsequent pregnancies. (Lowdermilk, 2004).
Nursing Diagnosis for Hyperemesis Gravidarum : Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements related to excessive frequency of nausea and vomiting.
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