Nausea is the sensation (feeling) issued a food or want to vomit. Usually accompanied by autonomic signs such as hypersalivation, diaphoresis, tachycardia, pallor, and tachypnea, nausea closely related to anorexia. Nausea caused by distention or irritation in any part of the digestive tract, but can also be stimulated by higher brain centers.
Nausea is a common symptom of digestive disorders, but also may occur in fluid and electrolyte imbalance, infection, metabolic, endocrine, and heart maze. It can also be as a result of drug therapy, surgery, and radiation
Nausea is also common in the first trimester of pregnancy, nausea can arise from intense pain, anxiety, alcohol poisoning, excessive food or digest food or drink that does not taste good.
Vomiting is the way the top of the GI tract to remove the contents when irritated, stretched, or excessive excitability which results in the production of gastric contents or intestines through the mouth with the help ekspulsif abdominal muscles contractions.
Four main areas sender stimulus:
- Gastrointestinal tract. The role of neurotransmitters serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, substansia P.
- Chemoreceptor trigger zone. Primary neurotransmitter is dopamine D2 receptor is activated and activate serotonin 5HT3 receptor.
- Vestibular apparatus. Stimulus arising from the movement of the body at the time of motoring etc..
- Cerebral cortex. Stimulus that appears usually in the form of sensory stimuli such as smell something, see something that triggers vomiting etc.
Nursing Intervention:
- Assess the client's nutritional patterns and the changes that occur.
- Measure weight.
- Assess the causes of disturbances of nutrition.
- Perform a physical examination of the abdomen (palpation, percussion and auscultation).
- Give the diet in warm conditions and small but frequent portions.
- Collaboration with the team in the determination of nutritional diet.
