Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Intervention

Anxiety related to Pleural Effusion

Pleural effusion is an abnormal amount of fluid around the lung. Pleural effusion is excess fluid that accumulates between the two pleural layers, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs.

Some of the more common causes are:
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Pneumonia
  • Liver disease (cirrhosis)
  • End-stage renal disease
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Cancer
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Lupus and other autoimmune conditions
Symptoms of pleural effusions
  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain, especially on breathing in deeply (pleurisy, or pleuritic pain)
  • Fever
  • Cough


Nursing Diagnosis for Pleural Effusion : Anxiety or fear in relation to the threat of death imaginable (inability to breathe).

Goal : Patient is able to understand and accept the situation so there is no anxiety .

Outcomes:
  • Able to breathe normally, able to adapt to the situation.
  • Client's non-verbal response seemed more relaxed and at ease , the breath regularly with a frequency of 16-24 times per minute , pulse 80-90 times per minute.


Interventions :

1. Provide a pleasant position for the patient . Usually with a semi -Fowler.

2. Explain about the disease and diagnosis.
Rationale: The patient is able to receive and understand the circumstances that might be used in the treatment of co-operation.

3. Teach relaxation techniques.
Rationale : Reduce muscle tension and anxiety.

4. Aids in finding the source of the existing coping.
Rational Utilization of existing resources constructively coping very useful in overcoming stress.

5. Maintain a trusting relationship between nurse and patient.
Rationale : The relationship of mutual trust help the therapeutic process.

6. Assess the factors that cause anxiety.
Rationale : Appropriate action is necessary to address the problems faced by clients and build trust in reducing anxiety.

7. Aids patients recognize and acknowledge a sense of anxiety.
Rationale : Anxiety is an emotion that effect when they are well identified, disturbing feelings be known.
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